LLM08 · OWASP LLM Top 10

Vector and Embedding Weaknesses (LLM08)

Risks specific to vector databases, embedding models, and RAG architectures. Includes embedding inversion (recovering source text from embeddings), unauthorized retrieval, and corpus poisoning.

Rank
LLM08 of 10
In the check
Not cited directly by a question
LLM01
Prompt Injection
LLM02
Sensitive Information Disclosure
LLM03
Supply Chain
LLM04
Data and Model Poisoning
LLM05
Improper Output Handling
LLM06
Excessive Agency
LLM07
System Prompt Leakage
LLM08
Vector and Embedding Weaknesses
LLM09
Misinformation
LLM10
Unbounded Consumption
Figure 1. The OWASP LLM Top 10, with LLM08 marked.
In practice

What it looks like in practice

Three shapes this risk takes in real deployments.

Example 1

An attacker inverts embeddings stored without access controls and recovers training-text.

Example 2

A RAG retrieval returns chunks the requesting user did not have permission to see.

Example 3

A poisoned corpus chunk is retrieved and biases model output.

Controls

Controls that close it

The controls the check looks for when this entry applies.

Access control on vector stores aligned to source-document permissions

Embedding-store encryption

Retrieval audit logging

Corpus content review

Posture Check

Where the check cites it

The AI Posture Check cites OWASP LLM Top 10, including this entry, when placing you at Crawl, Walk, Run or Sprint.

The questions cite the control frameworks a regulator would expect you to hold: NIST AI RMF, ISO 42001 and the OWASP LLM Top 10. Your stage on the check is a starting point for an EU AI Act conformity review, not a substitute for one.

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